No. 295Aboriginal Australian Traditions
Baiame
Baayami
Creator ancestor of south-eastern Australia who cast his net at Brewarrina
Baiame (Baayami) is honoured as a creator ancestor by the Wiradjuri, Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay, Wonnarua and neighbouring nations of south-eastern Australia, each with its own account. Stories tell that he came down from the sky, shaped rivers, mountains and forests, and gave people law, song and ways of living.
At Brewarrina, on the Barwon River, Ngemba people tell how he cast his net across the water and, with his two sons, built Baiame's Ngunnhu, the stone fish traps that still stand and are shared among many nations. The traps are National Heritage listed, and his name is carried by a festival and a museum there. In Wiradjuri star-lore, custodians see him in the stars of Orion.
How to recognise Baiame
- Ancestral man at the riverA tall, dignified adult man stands at the Barwon River at Brewarrina, the place where the Ngemba and neighbouring nations publicly share his story.
- The great netA wide, loosely knotted net arcs over shallow water, recalling how he revealed the design of the fish traps by throwing it across the river.
- Two sonsBooma-ooma-nowi and Ghinda-inda-mui, smaller than their father, build low stone walls to the shape of the net.
- Stone weirs and pensLow dry-stone walls of river stones lie across a shallow, fast stretch of water, the Ngunnhu as it stands today.
- PelicanOral history says the trap design was inspired by the pelican, so one may stand on the stones.
- FootprintsTwo large footprints made by Baiame are said to remain at the Ngunnhu, and lines of footsteps are drawn near him in rock art.
- Stars of OrionIn Wiradjuri star-lore, Baiami is seen in Orion chasing the Celestial Emu. This is a different account from the Gamilaraay Berriberri, who chases the Pleiades.
Names and titles
- Maker of the RiversIn recorded accounts he came down from the sky and made rivers, mountains and forests
- Caster of the NetHe revealed the design of the Ngunnhu fish traps by throwing his net over the river
- Builder with His Two SonsHe and his sons Booma-ooma-nowi and Ghinda-inda-mui built the fish traps at Brewarrina
- Sharer of the Fish TrapsAlthough the Ngemba are the custodians, it is said Baiame commanded the traps be shared with neighbouring nations
- Orion in the Wiradjuri SkyWiradjuri custodians see Baiami in the stars of Orion, in the story of his chase of the Celestial Emu
Baiame in the shop
Designs of Baiame are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.
Sources
- Wikipedia: Baiame
- Wikipedia: Gamilaraay
- K. Langloh Parker, The Euahlayi Tribe (1905)
- K. Langloh Parker, The Euahlayi Tribe, Chapter II: The All Father, Byamee
- Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion, vol. II
- Australian Government: National Heritage List, Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu)
- Australian Heritage Database: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
- Brewarrina Shire Council: First Nations
- Wikipedia: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
- Visit NSW: Brewarrina Fish Traps, Baiame's Ngunnhu
- Moogahlin Performing Arts: Baiame's Ngunnhu Festival 2026
- Coonamble Times: Culture celebrated at Brewarrina festival
- The Western Herald: Celebrating culture on Country at Brewarrina
- Visit NSW: Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum
- ACHAA: Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum
- Indigenous.gov.au: Baiame's Ngunnhu and First Nations tourism
- Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation: Baiame Cave Conservation Management Plan
- Wikipedia: Baiame Cave
- Pilgrim Map: Baiame Cave
- Leaman & Hamacher: Baiami and the Emu Chase, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (2019)
- arXiv: Astronomical orientations of bora ceremonial grounds in southeast Australia
- The Conversation: Dreamtime and the Dreaming, an introduction
- Wikipedia: The Dreaming
- AIATSIS: A Guide to applying the AIATSIS Code of Ethics
- ATSILIRN Protocol 3: Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property
- Wikipedia: Gamilaraay language
- Wikipedia: Yuwaalaraay
- Visit Brewarrina: National Heritage listed Baiame's Ngunnhu
- ABC Science Archive (2000)
- Visit Brewarrina: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
- CSIRO: Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Principles
- Arcus Atlantis: Australian creation stories
- Wikipedia: Brewarrina
- Studio Gilay: Baiame's Ngunnhu Festival
- Wikipedia: Wirraayaraay
- Visit Brewarrina: What's on
Also in Aboriginal Australian Traditions
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