No. 295Aboriginal Australian Traditions

Baiame

Baayami

Creator ancestor of south-eastern Australia who cast his net at Brewarrina

Baiame (Baayami) is honoured as a creator ancestor by the Wiradjuri, Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay, Wonnarua and neighbouring nations of south-eastern Australia, each with its own account. Stories tell that he came down from the sky, shaped rivers, mountains and forests, and gave people law, song and ways of living.

At Brewarrina, on the Barwon River, Ngemba people tell how he cast his net across the water and, with his two sons, built Baiame's Ngunnhu, the stone fish traps that still stand and are shared among many nations. The traps are National Heritage listed, and his name is carried by a festival and a museum there. In Wiradjuri star-lore, custodians see him in the stars of Orion.

Baayami
No. 295

How to recognise Baiame

  1. Ancestral man at the riverA tall, dignified adult man stands at the Barwon River at Brewarrina, the place where the Ngemba and neighbouring nations publicly share his story.
  2. The great netA wide, loosely knotted net arcs over shallow water, recalling how he revealed the design of the fish traps by throwing it across the river.
  3. Two sonsBooma-ooma-nowi and Ghinda-inda-mui, smaller than their father, build low stone walls to the shape of the net.
  4. Stone weirs and pensLow dry-stone walls of river stones lie across a shallow, fast stretch of water, the Ngunnhu as it stands today.
  5. PelicanOral history says the trap design was inspired by the pelican, so one may stand on the stones.
  6. FootprintsTwo large footprints made by Baiame are said to remain at the Ngunnhu, and lines of footsteps are drawn near him in rock art.
  7. Stars of OrionIn Wiradjuri star-lore, Baiami is seen in Orion chasing the Celestial Emu. This is a different account from the Gamilaraay Berriberri, who chases the Pleiades.

Names and titles

  • Maker of the RiversIn recorded accounts he came down from the sky and made rivers, mountains and forests
  • Caster of the NetHe revealed the design of the Ngunnhu fish traps by throwing his net over the river
  • Builder with His Two SonsHe and his sons Booma-ooma-nowi and Ghinda-inda-mui built the fish traps at Brewarrina
  • Sharer of the Fish TrapsAlthough the Ngemba are the custodians, it is said Baiame commanded the traps be shared with neighbouring nations
  • Orion in the Wiradjuri SkyWiradjuri custodians see Baiami in the stars of Orion, in the story of his chase of the Celestial Emu

Baiame in the shop

Designs of Baiame are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia: Baiame
  2. Wikipedia: Gamilaraay
  3. K. Langloh Parker, The Euahlayi Tribe (1905)
  4. K. Langloh Parker, The Euahlayi Tribe, Chapter II: The All Father, Byamee
  5. Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion, vol. II
  6. Australian Government: National Heritage List, Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu)
  7. Australian Heritage Database: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
  8. Brewarrina Shire Council: First Nations
  9. Wikipedia: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
  10. Visit NSW: Brewarrina Fish Traps, Baiame's Ngunnhu
  11. Moogahlin Performing Arts: Baiame's Ngunnhu Festival 2026
  12. Coonamble Times: Culture celebrated at Brewarrina festival
  13. The Western Herald: Celebrating culture on Country at Brewarrina
  14. Visit NSW: Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum
  15. ACHAA: Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum
  16. Indigenous.gov.au: Baiame's Ngunnhu and First Nations tourism
  17. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation: Baiame Cave Conservation Management Plan
  18. Wikipedia: Baiame Cave
  19. Pilgrim Map: Baiame Cave
  20. Leaman & Hamacher: Baiami and the Emu Chase, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (2019)
  21. arXiv: Astronomical orientations of bora ceremonial grounds in southeast Australia
  22. The Conversation: Dreamtime and the Dreaming, an introduction
  23. Wikipedia: The Dreaming
  24. AIATSIS: A Guide to applying the AIATSIS Code of Ethics
  25. ATSILIRN Protocol 3: Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property
  26. Wikipedia: Gamilaraay language
  27. Wikipedia: Yuwaalaraay
  28. Visit Brewarrina: National Heritage listed Baiame's Ngunnhu
  29. ABC Science Archive (2000)
  30. Visit Brewarrina: Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps
  31. CSIRO: Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Principles
  32. Arcus Atlantis: Australian creation stories
  33. Wikipedia: Brewarrina
  34. Studio Gilay: Baiame's Ngunnhu Festival
  35. Wikipedia: Wirraayaraay
  36. Visit Brewarrina: What's on

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