No. 242Sikhism

Guru Nanak

ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ

First Sikh Guru, teacher of one Creator, honest work and sharing

Guru Nanak Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ), also called Baba Nanak, is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Born at Rai Bhoi di Talwandi, today's Nankana Sahib in Pakistan, he made long journeys called udasis, then settled at Kartarpur beside the Ravi, where he farmed and taught. Sikhs hold that the Guru's light passed through ten human forms and now rests in the Guru Granth Sahib.

Devotees turn to him for his teaching of one Creator (Ik Onkar) and three duties: remember the Name, earn honestly, share with others. He taught the equality of all people regardless of caste, and of women, and began the shared meal, langar, at Kartarpur. Sikhs honour him in gurdwaras, above all on Gurpurab, and through his hymns, such as Japji Sahib and Asa di Var, in the Guru Granth Sahib.

Guru Nanak
Nankana Sahib, 2007. Wikimedia Commons (public domain), Jeev at English Wikipedia

Feast days

  • Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Parkash Purab)24 November 2026

    Guru Nanak's birth anniversary, also called Parkash Purab, kept on the full moon of the lunar month Katak (Kartik) by the SGPC and most gurdwaras. It is the same celebration as the next entry.

    How it's celebrated. Gurdwaras usually hold an Akhand Path beforehand. A Nagar Kirtan procession is held the day before, led by the Panj Piare with the Guru Granth Sahib in a palanquin. On the day, the diwan begins around 4–5 a.m. with Asa di Var and hymns, followed by Ardas, Karah Parshad and langar. The Akal Takht in Amritsar is lit up.

    Sources: SGPC: Gurpurabs and Guru Nanak's birthday · Wikipedia: Guru Nanak Gurpurab

  • Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Katak Puranmashi)14 November 2027

    Guru Nanak's birth anniversary, known as Parkash Purab or Guru Nanak Jayanti, kept on Katak Puranmashi, the full moon of Katak. It is the same celebration as the previous entry, seen here in its worldwide form.

    How it's celebrated. Sikhs mark it worldwide with kirtan, langar and Nagar Kirtan processions, including a large one in Yuba City, California each November and others in Britain. In the days before, gurdwaras may hold early-morning prabhat pheris. At home, families often light divas, make sweets and read sakhis. Some pilgrims try to visit Nankana Sahib, the birthplace.

    Sources: Sikhism.net.in: Sikh Holidays and Observances · Maastarji: Guru Nanak's Parkash Purab at Home · PastPaperHero: Gurpurb celebrations in India and Great Britain

  • Guru Nanak Gurpurab on the original Nanakshahi calendar14 April, every year

    The original (Mool) Nanakshahi calendar of Pal Singh Purewal marks Guru Nanak's birth on a fixed solar date, 1 Vaisakh (14 April), instead of Katak Puranmashi. Some Sikh bodies keep this date in place of the full-moon one.

    How it's celebrated. Supporters hold that the older janamsakhis place the birth in Vaisakh, and that the Katak date came into use later. Little is recorded about rites specific to this date. Because it is a solar date, it falls on the same day as Vaisakhi in the original calendar. The SGPC's own pages give 15 April 1469 as the birth date but keep the Katak full-moon celebration.

    Sources: Mool Nanakshahi Calendar: Guru Nanak Sahib Ji · Mool Nanakshahi Calendar: The Nanakshahi Calendar · Sikhizm: Nanakshahi Calendar Explained

  • Joti Jot of Guru Nanak Dev Ji22 September, every year (date to be confirmed)

    Joti Jot, the anniversary of Guru Nanak's passing at Kartarpur. Sikhs believe his light merged into the eternal light, after he had installed Guru Angad as his successor.

    How it's celebrated. The Gregorian date of 22 September is the one the original Nanakshahi calendar uses. The SGPC's lunar date moves each year. At Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Kartarpur, observances have included an Akhand Path with its bhog and a Nagar Kirtan. In 2024, plants were sown under a "Kheti Sahib" initiative, and dates from the local harvest were given out as prasad.

    Sources: SikhNet: Celebration of Guru Nanak in Modern Reality · Business Recorder: Joti Jot commemoration concludes at Kartarpur · Hindustan Times: Akal Takht jathedar in Pak to mark Joti Jot

In the shop

The Deity Project makes no images of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, following the Sikh institutions' request that he not be portrayed. The tradition instead welcomes the Ik Onkar, calligraphy, flowers, geometric ornament and the poetry of his own hymns.

Explore Sikhism

Sources

  1. Britannica: Guru Nanak
  2. Golden Temple Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Journey and Legacy
  3. SikhNet: Transformative Travels of Guru Nanak
  4. Wikipedia: Guru Nanak
  5. Wikipedia: Kartarpur Sahib
  6. Wikipedia: Gurdwara Janam Asthan
  7. Pakistan Heritage: Gurdwara Darbar Sahib
  8. We Are Sikhs: Guru Nanak
  9. SikhiWiki: Guru Nanak
  10. SikhNet: Gurdwara Kartarpur Sahib, Visiting Guru Nanak's Legacy
  11. Al Jazeera: Guru Nanak and the Promise of an Inclusive Pakistan
  12. NSO UK: Rehat Maryada, A Guide to the Sikh Way of Life (translation of the SGPC Rehat Maryada, 1945)
  13. Sikh Dharma: Rehit Maryada
  14. Sikh Answers: Are the Pictures of the Gurus Real?
  15. Tribune India: Idols of Sikh Gurus Being Sold Online
  16. Tribune India: Filmmakers Told Not to Portray Gurus
  17. ThePrint: SGPC Announces Blanket Ban on Portrayal of Sikh Gurus
  18. ThePrint: Dhruv Rathee Takes Down Video After Backlash Over AI Depiction of Sikh Guru
  19. Tribune India: Row Over Fancy Dress Contest to Mark Sahibzadas' Martyrdom
  20. Wikipedia: Nanak Shah Fakir
  21. Tribune India: Akal Takht Bans Release of Nanak Shah Fakir
  22. Hindustan Times Patiala (via PressReader), April 2018
  23. Gulf News: Guru Nanak Film Gets Supreme Court Backing
  24. Damdami Taksal: Rehat Maryada
  25. Macauliffe: Japji (Sacred Texts)
  26. Max Arthur Macauliffe: The Sikh Religion, Vol. 1 (1909)
  27. DivineHindu: Guru Nanak Jayanti 2026
  28. PublicHolidays.in: Guru Nanak Jayanti
  29. Gurdwaras.com: Calendar
  30. Mool Nanakshahi Calendar: A Balanced Perspective
  31. Global Sikh Council forum: Celebrating Prakash Purab on the Original Date
  32. Sikhizm: Nanakshahi Calendar
  33. Tribune India: Nanakshahi Calendar Controversy
  34. SikhPhilosophy.net: Parkash Guru Nanak, April 14
  35. SikhNet: Sikh Gurpurab Calendar
  36. Wikipedia: Guru Nanak Gurpurab
  37. South Asian Popular Culture: The 'Vexed' Status of Guru Images
  38. Wikipedia: Sikh feminism

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