No. 293Native North American Traditions

Raven

Yéil · Xuyaa · Txaamsm

Raven, transformer and trickster-teacher of three Northwest Coast nations

Raven is a figure of the beginning-time stories of three nations, each with its own name: Yéil for the Tlingit, Xuyaa for the Haida and Txaamsm for the Tsimshian. Sealaska Heritage describes him as a cultural transformer, trickster and teacher. In Tlingit and Tsimshian tellings he frees the stars, moon and sun from the boxes where a chief kept them. In Haida tellings he coaxes the first people out of a clamshell at Rose Spit.

People turn to his stories for teaching, laughter and understanding. The Haida see him as a complex reflection of oneself, and as a cultural hero even when he is greedy or mischievous. Raven is also the name of a Tlingit and Haida moiety and a Tsimshian clan. He lives on in place names, stories and contemporary art.

Raven
Anchorage White Raven, 2024-03-04. Wikimedia Commons (public domain), Lisa Hupp/USFWS

How to recognise Raven

  1. The ravenLook for the large, heavy-billed black bird, shown naturally and with a bright, curious, clever air, never sinister.
  2. Sun in the beakRaven carries a glowing sun or has just released it into the sky, recalling the freeing of the lights in the Tlingit story and the Tsimshian telling in which he carries the sun himself.
  3. Black plumageHis feathers are black. Many Tlingit tellings say he was first white (Dleit Yéil), and sources differ on whether smoke, ashes or soot darkened him.
  4. Stars, moon and sunThe three lights kept in boxes in the chief's house may appear together, with the sun in the biggest and last box, and a small crescent moon and a few stars in the sky.
  5. The white ravenSome images show the white Raven, Dleit Yéil, as he was before the smoke blackened him.
  6. Raven and the clamshellIn the Haida story, Raven stands on the beach at Rose Spit as the first people emerge from a clamshell.
  7. Formline RavenRaven is also drawn in formline, with ovoids and U-shapes, the living art of the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian nations.

Names and titles

  • Who Set the Sun FreeIn the Tlingit telling, Yéil released the stars, moon and sun from the boxes where a chief kept them
  • Transformer and TeacherSealaska Heritage's curator presents Raven as a cultural transformer, trickster and teacher
  • Once Pure WhiteIn many Tlingit tellings Raven began as a white, supernatural bird before the smoke blackened his feathers
  • Out of the ClamshellIn Haida tradition, Raven coaxed the first people out of a clamshell at Rose Spit
  • A Mirror of OurselvesThe Haida see Raven as a complex reflection of one's own self

Raven in the shop

Designs of Raven are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.

Sources

  1. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Creation Story (Alaska Studies, Grade 6, Unit 1)
  2. Sealaska Heritage Institute: New exhibition to explore enduring legacy of Raven
  3. The Seattle Times: Many versions of the Tlingit Raven story
  4. American Museum of Natural History: Lingit (Tlingit)
  5. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Clans and Moieties (Alaska Studies, Grade 6, Unit 7)
  6. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Formline Art Kit
  7. Haida Gwaii Pledge: Haida Governance
  8. Canadian Museum of History: Creation of Haida Gwaii
  9. Museum of Anthropology at UBC: The Raven and the First Men
  10. Art Canada Institute: Bill Reid's Iconic Work (newsletter)
  11. BC Parks: Naikoon Provincial Park
  12. Destination BC: North Beach, Haida Gwaii
  13. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Celebration
  14. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Celebration 2028 dates
  15. Haida Gwaii Museum: Plan Your Visit
  16. Destination Indigenous: Haida Heritage Centre at Ḵay Llnagaay
  17. Sealaska Heritage Institute: About
  18. Travel Alaska: Top Cultural Things to Do in Juneau
  19. Sacred Texts: Tlingit Myths and Texts
  20. University of Washington Press: Yéil Kundayaayí / Adventures of Raven
  21. KCAW: Tlingit Raven stories in the original language (2026)
  22. Wikipedia: Raven Tales
  23. American Museum of Natural History: Tsimshian
  24. Quintana Galleries: David A. Boxley, Panel Depicting Raven and Sky People
  25. The Canadian Encyclopedia: Tsimshian
  26. Wikipedia: Culture of the Tlingit
  27. Wikipedia: Haida mythology
  28. Wikipedia: History of the Tlingit
  29. Juneau Empire: Sealaska Heritage Institute's Celebration 2026
  30. Wikipedia: Sealaska Corporation
  31. New World Encyclopedia: Tsimshian
  32. Smithsonian: Preston Singletary, Raven and the Box of Daylight
  33. American Indian Magazine: Transformations
  34. Wikipedia: Haida Heritage Centre

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