No. 293Native North American Traditions
Raven
Yéil · Xuyaa · Txaamsm
Raven, transformer and trickster-teacher of three Northwest Coast nations
Raven is a figure of the beginning-time stories of three nations, each with its own name: Yéil for the Tlingit, Xuyaa for the Haida and Txaamsm for the Tsimshian. Sealaska Heritage describes him as a cultural transformer, trickster and teacher. In Tlingit and Tsimshian tellings he frees the stars, moon and sun from the boxes where a chief kept them. In Haida tellings he coaxes the first people out of a clamshell at Rose Spit.
People turn to his stories for teaching, laughter and understanding. The Haida see him as a complex reflection of oneself, and as a cultural hero even when he is greedy or mischievous. Raven is also the name of a Tlingit and Haida moiety and a Tsimshian clan. He lives on in place names, stories and contemporary art.
How to recognise Raven
- The ravenLook for the large, heavy-billed black bird, shown naturally and with a bright, curious, clever air, never sinister.
- Sun in the beakRaven carries a glowing sun or has just released it into the sky, recalling the freeing of the lights in the Tlingit story and the Tsimshian telling in which he carries the sun himself.
- Black plumageHis feathers are black. Many Tlingit tellings say he was first white (Dleit Yéil), and sources differ on whether smoke, ashes or soot darkened him.
- Stars, moon and sunThe three lights kept in boxes in the chief's house may appear together, with the sun in the biggest and last box, and a small crescent moon and a few stars in the sky.
- The white ravenSome images show the white Raven, Dleit Yéil, as he was before the smoke blackened him.
- Raven and the clamshellIn the Haida story, Raven stands on the beach at Rose Spit as the first people emerge from a clamshell.
- Formline RavenRaven is also drawn in formline, with ovoids and U-shapes, the living art of the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian nations.
Names and titles
- Who Set the Sun FreeIn the Tlingit telling, Yéil released the stars, moon and sun from the boxes where a chief kept them
- Transformer and TeacherSealaska Heritage's curator presents Raven as a cultural transformer, trickster and teacher
- Once Pure WhiteIn many Tlingit tellings Raven began as a white, supernatural bird before the smoke blackened his feathers
- Out of the ClamshellIn Haida tradition, Raven coaxed the first people out of a clamshell at Rose Spit
- A Mirror of OurselvesThe Haida see Raven as a complex reflection of one's own self
In art and place public-domain and openly licensed images
Raven in the shop
Designs of Raven are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.
Sources
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: Creation Story (Alaska Studies, Grade 6, Unit 1)
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: New exhibition to explore enduring legacy of Raven
- The Seattle Times: Many versions of the Tlingit Raven story
- American Museum of Natural History: Lingit (Tlingit)
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: Clans and Moieties (Alaska Studies, Grade 6, Unit 7)
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: Formline Art Kit
- Haida Gwaii Pledge: Haida Governance
- Canadian Museum of History: Creation of Haida Gwaii
- Museum of Anthropology at UBC: The Raven and the First Men
- Art Canada Institute: Bill Reid's Iconic Work (newsletter)
- BC Parks: Naikoon Provincial Park
- Destination BC: North Beach, Haida Gwaii
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: Celebration
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: Celebration 2028 dates
- Haida Gwaii Museum: Plan Your Visit
- Destination Indigenous: Haida Heritage Centre at Ḵay Llnagaay
- Sealaska Heritage Institute: About
- Travel Alaska: Top Cultural Things to Do in Juneau
- Sacred Texts: Tlingit Myths and Texts
- University of Washington Press: Yéil Kundayaayí / Adventures of Raven
- KCAW: Tlingit Raven stories in the original language (2026)
- Wikipedia: Raven Tales
- American Museum of Natural History: Tsimshian
- Quintana Galleries: David A. Boxley, Panel Depicting Raven and Sky People
- The Canadian Encyclopedia: Tsimshian
- Wikipedia: Culture of the Tlingit
- Wikipedia: Haida mythology
- Wikipedia: History of the Tlingit
- Juneau Empire: Sealaska Heritage Institute's Celebration 2026
- Wikipedia: Sealaska Corporation
- New World Encyclopedia: Tsimshian
- Smithsonian: Preston Singletary, Raven and the Box of Daylight
- American Indian Magazine: Transformations
- Wikipedia: Haida Heritage Centre
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