No. 286Polynesian & Hawaiian Traditions

Hina

Hina-i-ka-malama

The woman in the Hawaiian moon, kapa beater and, in some tellings, mother of Māui

Hina-i-ka-malama, "Hina of the moon," is the woman in the moon in Hawaiian tradition. She lived at Kaʻuiki on Maui, pounding wauke bark into kapa, until the labor and her husband's tapu restrictions wore on her. Taking her calabash, she followed the rainbow path toward the sun, found it too hot, and climbed to the moon. On bright nights, people say she sits there still beside her calabash.

Her domain is the moon, kapa and women's work. In some tellings she is the mother whose damp kapa sent her son Māui up Haleakalā to slow the sun. A cave behind Waiānuenue (Rainbow Falls) is hers as Māui's mother. For many practitioners kapa is still a spiritual practice, including making cloth for the reburial of ancestral bones. Other Polynesian Hinas, such as Sina and Hine-keha, have their own accounts.

Hina
The Moon, 1857–60. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Robert O. Dougan Collection, Gift of Warner Communications Inc., 1978 (CC0)

How to recognise Hina

  1. Full moonA large, pale full moon, because Hawaiian accounts say Hina climbed to the moon, where she may be seen with her calabash beside her.
  2. Kapa workShe is Hina-i-kapaʻi-kua, Hina the tapa beater, so look for her beating or smoothing a pale sheet of cloth made from pounded wauke bark.
  3. Kapa beater (iʻe kuku)A wooden beater incised with fine grooves or designs that leave watermarks in the cloth; tradition also names the long black rock below Kaʻuiki as the board on which she beat her cloth.
  4. CalabashA gourd bowl rests by her side, recalling the calabash she carried to the moon; in another account she leaves her sister a calabash holding the moon and stars.
  5. WaukeA few stalks or leaves of wauke (paper mulberry) in the setting mark the plant whose inner bark becomes kapa.
  6. Kapa pāʻūShe wears a plain cream kapa wrap from chest to knees with a kapa cloth over one shoulder, echoing the pāʻū that was the main dress of Hawaiian women before sustained foreign contact.
  7. BearingShe appears industrious, serene and dignified, a woman who works and who found her own way out of a weary life, with long dark hair.

Names and titles

  • Hina in the MoonHina-i-ka-malama, the Hawaiian name for the woman who climbed to the moon
  • The Kapa BeaterHina-i-kapaʻi-kua, Hina the tapa beater
  • Mother of MāuiIn Hawaiian tellings she is the mother of the demigod Māui
  • Why the Summer Days Are LongMāui snared the sun so his mother's kapa could dry; the sun agreed to long summer days and short winter ones
  • Guardian of Night TravellersTahitians call Hina the guardian and protector of travellers at night

Hina in the shop

Designs of Hina are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia: Hina (goddess)
  2. Martha Beckwith, Hawaiian Mythology (1940), ch. XV 'Hina Myths' (Sacred Texts)
  3. Wikipedia: Māui (Hawaiian mythology)
  4. Kumukahi: Kuku kapa (Nā Kānaka)
  5. Wikipedia: Rainbow Falls (Hawaii)
  6. Hawaiʻi Division of State Parks: Wailuku River State Park
  7. Images of Old Hawaii: Ka Waʻa o Maui
  8. Images of Old Hawaii: Kauiki
  9. Westervelt, Legends of Maui: Hina, the Woman in the Moon
  10. Tregear, The Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (1891): Hina
  11. HuffPost: Goddess Hina, the missing heroine from Moana
  12. Waitangi Tribunal: Mana Wahine inquiry, evidence on atua whaea
  13. Elsdon Best, The Maori Division of Time
  14. Hawaiian dictionary name entries: Hina
  15. Te Papa: Tapa barkcloth art in the Pacific
  16. Wikipedia: Tapa cloth
  17. Hawaii Magazine: Rediscovering the art form of Hawaiian kapa
  18. Bishop Museum: Museum After Hours, January 10, 2025
  19. Hana Cultural Center & Museum: Museum
  20. Ambrook: Fishing by the light of the moon
  21. Pukoa Studios: Hawaiian kapa
  22. Hawaii Guide: Hawaiian crafts classes
  23. Bishop Museum: Ethnology
  24. Wikipedia: Hemā
  25. Hawaii.com: Rainbow Falls
  26. Kapa Kulture: Tapa
  27. Wikipedia: Hineuki
  28. Pukoa Studios: Kapa workshops
  29. Hana Cultural Center & Museum
  30. Love Big Island: Rainbow Falls, Hilo
  31. Wiktionary: māhina
  32. Roam Your Home: The legend of Rainbow Falls
  33. Bishop Museum, Hawaiʻi Alive: The Pāʻū of Kamāmalu
  34. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Unique plant fiber clothing
  35. Kapa Hawaii: Hawaiian kapa making
  36. Maui Magazine: Beauty in the Bark

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