No. 284Polynesian & Hawaiian Traditions

Pele

Pelehonuamea

Hawaiian akua of volcanic fire, who makes and unmakes the land

Pele, or Pelehonuamea ("Pele of the sacred land"), is the Hawaiian akua of volcanoes, lava and fire. Oral history says she sailed from Kahiki, the far ancestral homeland, searching for a home for her fire, and settled at Halemaʻumaʻu, the fire pit at the summit of Kīlauea. For families who trace descent from her, she is Tūtū, an ancestor. She is also linked with lightning and wind.

Devotees honour her as both creator and destroyer: her lava builds new land and unmakes the old. Her family is tied to hula, and she is honoured today in oli (chant) and hula, and through respect for the places that are hers. Her genealogies vary between accounts, naming Papa and Wākea, Haumea, or Kahinaliʻi and Kānehoalani as her parents.

Pele
Kilauea at night, 1887. Wikimedia Commons (public domain), Jules Tavernier

How to recognise Pele

  1. Fire and lavaLava, flames or the glowing Halemaʻumaʻu crater burn behind or around her; this is her key sign, since her body is lava, fire and steam.
  2. FaceShe is a Native Hawaiian woman with warm brown skin and Polynesian features, never pale and never blond.
  3. Long dark hairHer hair is long and black, flowing or streaming, as Hawaiian narrators and later retellings describe it.
  4. Red or white garmentAccounts differ: she may wear red, or white as a woman seen in dreams and as a wanderer.
  5. ʻŌʻō (digging stick)The digging stick is the tool she used to dig her fire pits; her divining rod Paʻoa is a separate object.
  6. The eggShe may hold the egg her mother gave her to carry, which hatched into her sister Hiʻiakaikapoliopele, "Hiʻiaka in the bosom of Pele."
  7. White dogA small white dog is a form she is said to take or to travel with, one of her many kinolau (body forms).
  8. ʻŌhiʻa lehua and ʻōheloRed ʻōhiʻa lehua blossoms and ʻōhelo berries sometimes appear with her, the berries being her fitting offering.

Names and titles

  • Pele of the Sacred LandPelehonuamea, her full name, glossed 'Pele of the sacred land' (also 'of the red earth')
  • The Woman of the CraterKa wahine o ka lua, because she lives at Halemaʻumaʻu
  • The Earth-Eating WomanKa wahine ʻai honua, 'the earth-eating woman', for lava that consumes land and makes new land
  • Tūtū PeleGrandmother Pele, a respectful family name used for her
  • The Egg She CarriedHer sister Hiʻiaka hatched from an egg Pele was given to keep

Pele in the shop

Designs of Pele are being drawn: cute, vintage and a painted portrait.

Sources

  1. National Park Service: Pele
  2. Kawaihapai (University of Hawaiʻi): Pelehonuamea
  3. Kumukahi: Pele
  4. Wikipedia: Pele (deity)
  5. National Park Service CRM Journal (Winter 2007): research article
  6. Vice: Hawaii's Cursed Lava Rocks
  7. Hawaii Magazine: Why You Shouldn't Take Lava Rocks from Hawaii
  8. Pacific Standard: social justice article
  9. Native Hawaiian Law Center: article 4-1
  10. National Library of Medicine: Land and Health
  11. Justia: Hawaii Supreme Court case 15373 (1992)
  12. Aloha State Daily: Geothermal Energy, Solution or Sacrilege?
  13. USGS: Open-File Report 2017-1043
  14. Wikipedia: Kapiʻolani (chiefess)
  15. Wikipedia: Hiʻiaka
  16. Merrie Monarch Festival: 2027 festival
  17. Merrie Monarch Festival
  18. Big Island Now: event listing
  19. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes April events news release
  20. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes July events and updates (2026)
  21. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes July updates and events (2025)
  22. USGS: Kīlauea volcano updates
  23. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes November events news release
  24. Go Hawaii: Hula
  25. Honolulu Star-Advertiser: Hula conference chants to Pele
  26. Kaʻahele Hawaiʻi: Hoʻokupu offerings
  27. Wikipedia: Haumea (mythology)
  28. History Cooperative: Pele, Goddess of Fire and Volcanoes
  29. Wikiwand: Pele (deity)
  30. Hawaiian Voice: Spirit of the Land, Pele's Appeal
  31. Kawaihapai (University of Hawaiʻi): Kapoʻulakinaʻu (Kapo)
  32. Wikipedia: Folklore in Hawaii
  33. Cultural Survival Quarterly: Hawaii's Rainforest Crunch
  34. Vice: Pele, Hawaiian Volcano Goddess of Kīlauea
  35. National Park Service: Kaʻauea history and culture
  36. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes March 2026 updates
  37. USA National Parks: Guide to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
  38. Wikipedia: Pele Defense Fund
  39. Hawaii News Now: Pele
  40. National Park Service: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Fine Art Collection

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